MENSTRUAL CARE

You will find these tips helpful during your periods:

1. Have enough rest

2. Do mild exercises. Keep yourself active daily.

3. Take lots of fluids including fruit juce, soup, water.

4. Eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables.

5. Wear comfortable loose fitting, clean clothes.

6. Panties must be cotton made.

7. Always wash you hands before and after changing pads, tampons or cups. This is to prevent infections

8. Take a warm shower in the day.

9. Change pads every 3 or 4 hours

10. Using a pad for longer periods can result in Toxic Shock Syndrome, a condition caused by bacteria.

11. Do not flush used pads in toilets sinks. Keep them in covered dumps.

12. Pains and cramps are normal characteristics of menstruation. Do not be too bothered.

13. Menstruation is a normal, natural phenomenon. Have no shame, whatsoever about it.

14. Seek medical care if you have menstrual irregularities.

15. What is more improtant is to stay calm and live a stres-free life.

9 Simple Ways to Prevent Cancer

1. Stop smoking. If you smoke, quit. If you don't smoke, don't start. Smoking is linked to several types of cancer — not just lung cancer. Stopping now will reduce your risk of cancer in the future.
2. Avoid excessive sun exposure. Harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can increase your risk of skin cancer. Limit your sun exposure by sta

ying in the shade, wearing protective clothing or applying sunscreen.
3. Eat a healthy diet. Choose a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. Select whole grains and lean proteins.
4. Exercise most days of the week. Regular exercise is linked to a 5. lower risk of cancer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week. If you haven't been exercising regularly, start out slowly and work your way up to 30 minutes or longer.
6. Maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese may increase your risk of cancer. Work to achieve and maintain a healthy weight through a combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise.
7. Drink alcohol in moderation, if you choose to drink. If you choose to drink alcohol, limit yourself to one drink a day if you're a woman or two drinks a day if you're a man.
8. Schedule cancer screening exams. Talk to your doctor about what types of cancer screening exams are best for you based on your risk factors.
9. Ask your doctor about immunizations. Certain viruses increase your risk of cancer. Immunizations may help prevent those viruses, including hepatitis B, which increases the risk of liver cancer, and human papillomavirus (HPV), which increases the risk of cervical cancer and other cancers. Ask your doctor whether immunization against these viruses is appropriate for you.

Russell-Silver syndrome

Russell-Silver syndrome

Russell-Silver syndrome is a growth disorder characterized by slow growth before and after birth. Babies with this condition have a low birth weight and often fail to grow and gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Head growth is normal, however, so the head may appear unusually large compared to the rest of the body. Affected children are thin and have poor appetites, and some develop low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) as a result of feeding difficulties. Adults with Russell-Silver syndrome are short; the average height for affected males is about 151 centimeters (4 feet, 11 inches) and the average height for affected females is about 140 centimeters (4 feet, 7 inches).
Many children with Russell-Silver syndrome have a small, triangular face with distinctive facial features including a prominent forehead, a narrow chin, a small jaw, and down-turned corners of the mouth. Other features of this disorder can include an unusual curving of the fifth finger (clinodactyly), asymmetric or uneven growth of some parts of the body, and digestive system abnormalities. Russell-Silver syndrome is also associated with an increased risk of delayed development and learning disabilities.

8 Tips for Clear Skin

 

1. Wash your face at least twice each day, using a
pure soap such as Ivory, and clean water. Hot
water opens pores, so wash with hot water. Cold
water closes pores, so splash your face with cold
water after washing to ensure that your pores are
protected from the environment. Splash with cold water before applying makeup as well.

2. Reduce the use of cosmetics as much as possible.
These clog pores. If you must wear makeup, make
sure that you are using hypoallergenic products, or
products for sensitive skin. Splash your face with
cold water before applying, and make sure you
wash all the makeup away before going to bed.

3. Keep you hair and hands off your face. Hair and
hands contain oils that can cause acne breakouts.
When applying creams or makeup to the face, use
applicators - not your hands. Don't lean with your
hands on your face either. Keep your hair pulled
back off your face.

4. Hydrate the body - and the skin - with water.
Hydrated skin is healthy skin. Water helps to
detoxify our bodies, and our skin, ridding us of
elements that make us ill, as well as elements that
can cause acne.

5. Eat a well balanced diet, and make sure that you
include plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Fruits
and vegetables contain quite a bit of natural
vitamin A and vitamin E, which is essential to good
skin care.

6. Don't avoid the sun altogether, because that isn't
healthy, but limit your time in the sun, and use a
good sunscreen. Overexposure to the sun, or
ultraviolet rays, can not only cause acne, but it can
cause skin to age quickly. It can also cause skin
cancer. Make sure you wash the sunscreen off when you come in from the sun to avoid getting
clogged pores.

7. Don't squeeze pimples, or pick at any sores. This
can cause the spread of acne, and it can leave scars
as well. Instead, treat the pimples and sores with
topical ointments and creams, keeping your hands
off of them. Use cotton balls or q-tips to apply
ointments and creams.

8.Stress is bad for the skin. Just as good hormones
and chemicals are produced and released when
we sleep, bad hormones and chemicals are
produced when we are stressed. Avoid stress as
much as possible, and learn to do deep breathing
exercises, or other stress reducing techniques, for those times when you are stressed.

HOME REMEDIES FOR PIMPLES / ACNE

HOME REMEDIES FOR PIMPLES / ACNE ~

a) Vitamins:
Pimples have been known to positively react to the addition of niacin (100 mg; three times per day), and vitamin A to a diet. 400 mg of vitamin E taken once per day also works wonders.

b) Fenugreek:
A useful paste can be created from the leaves of this vegetable, which is then applied to the face before you retire each night. At the start of the morning, the paste should be washed off using warm water. Pimples, especially blackheads are treated with this home remedy.

c) Orange Peel:
When orange peels are pounded and combined with water, an effective home treatment for pimples is created. Apply to affected areas and watch the results.

d) Lemon:
Apply lemon juice to pimples to reduce their size and intensity.

e) Garlic:
If you rub raw garlic on problem areas several times a day, you can clear up skin. You may also eat three seeds of raw garlic once daily for a month to see results. The garlic seeds purify the blood, which aids in keeping pimples at bay.

f) Coriander and Mint Juice:
A helpful herbal remedy for pimples includes the mixing of one teaspoon of coriander juice, combined with a pinch of turmeric powder. Every night, after thoroughly washing the face, apply the juice for an effective home remedy. Mint juice may also replace the coriander for this home treatment for pimples.

g) Hot Epsom Salts Bath:
It is believed that a hot Epsom salts bath taken two times per week will ease all cases of acne .

h) Cucumber:
Try applying grated cucumber over the face, neck, and eyes for the treatment of pimples and blackheads. This process should only take 15-20 minutes of your time.

PIMPLE PREVENTION~
When you are looking for skin care measures that could prevent pimples, you might want to:



a) Practice Clean Skin Habits:
Keeping the skin well cleansed will deter the formation of pimples. Using a mild cleanser at the start of your day, in the evening, and before bed is recommended. Avoid scrubbing your skin, which has the potential to make matters worse.

b) Keep Your Hands Off:
Touching your skin passes extra dirt, oil, bacteria, and grime that can trigger acne and other skin irritations. Also, if you see a pimple start to form, you should refrain from squeezing, pinching, or picking.

c) Shave With Caution:
The way you shave can also irritate the skin to provoke pimples to form. Depending on your skin sensitivity, you may have to find a balance between electric and safety razors.

d) Read All Skin Care Labels:
When purchasing skin care products, you should be on the lookout for words, such as “oil-free,” “greaseless,” “hypoallergenic,” and “noncomedogenic”

7 Home Remedies for Toothache

1.ASPIRIN

Many people believe that placing an aspirin on the gum of the affected tooth is a good way to relieve tooth pain.

2.GARLIC
When crushed or finely chopped two chemicals in the garlic join to form Allicin, which has antibiotic properties and can offer some relief. 

3.ONION

A lot of sites tell you to put a piece of raw onion on the affected tooth, and this may give a slight bit of relief because onion also has antimicrobial properties.

4.SALT WARM WATERThis is good for cleaning the bacteria in your mouth and teeth.

5.LIME WATER
This fruit is great for preventing tooth decay. Put a few drops of lime juice over the affected tooth for pain relief.

6.Asafoetide
Although this thing is bitter and extremely pungent, it is actually quite effective at providing instant toothache relief.

7.CLOVES
Clove is great for treating tooth infection because of its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacteria properties. It can also be used to treat sore throat. The proper way to use clove as a home remedy is to simply apply a few drops of clove oil over the affected tooth and gums.

Lifestyle and home remedies for Edema

Decrease the amount of salt in your diet. Salt can contribute to water retention and should be drastically limited if you are experiencing edema.

Avoid alcohol, tobacco and caffeine as much as possible. These can inhibit the natural functions cells and organs, rendering them less effective.

Elevation. Hold the swollen part of your body above the level of your heart for at least 30 minutes three or four times a day.

Movement. Moving and using the muscles in the part of your body affected by edema may help pump the excess fluid back to your heart.

Compression. If one of your limbs is affected by edema, your doctor may recommend you wear compression stockings, sleeves or gloves.

Eat a whole fresh cucumber daily. Cucumber is thought to reduce water retention in the body, as well as eliminate toxins that can contribute to edema.

Best Sleep Position

Best Sleep Position .

Generally speaking, side or back sleeping is the best.This is true because stomach sleepers must wrench their necks to either side. When you are a small child, it works because you can turn your head 90 degrees to either side. As you get older, this becomes more difficult and you can end up with a strained neck.

Back and side sleeping will keep your spine in its best alignment. Sometimes, snorers, sleep apnea sufferers, or people with heartburn/acid reflux may have some difficulty with these sleep positions. However, with a good neck pillow that opens up the sinuses and restores the neck curve, apnea and snoring are much improved. With a slight incline, reflux disease can be improved also.
A neck pillow also keeps your head level when you are on your side. Put a pillow between your knees and you keep your legs and pelvis level too.

The Best-Paying Medical Specialties

Here’s how much doctors in the top recruited specialties are offered, according to consulting firm Merritt Hawkins & Associates’ 2012 Review of Physician Recruiting Incentives. These are the average offered base salaries or guaranteed income, not including production bonus or benefits.

1. Orthopedic Surgeon

Average: $519,000

2. Cardiology (invasive)

Average: $512,000

3. Urology

Average: $461,000

4. Gastroenterology

Average: $433,000

5. Otolaryngology

Average: $412,000

6. Cardiology (non-invasive)

Average: $396,000

7.  Dermatology

Average: $364,000

8. Hematology/Oncology

Average: $360,000

9. Radiology

Average: $358,000

10. General Surgery

Average: $343,000

11. Pulmonology

Average: $321,000

12. Ophthalmology

Average: $295,000

13. Neurology

Average: $280,000

14. OB/GYN

Average: $268,000

15. Emergency medicine

Average: $264,000

16. Endocrinology

Average: $248,000

17. Hospitalist

Average: $221,000

18. Internal medicine

Average: $203,000

19. (tie) Psychiatry

Average: $189,000

19. (tie) Family practice

Average: $189,000

19. (tie) Pediatrics

Average: $189,000

Possible causes of Neck Pain

A common cause of neck pain is muscle strain or tension. Usually, everyday activities are to blame. Such as include

1.Bending over a desk for hours,
2.Having poor posture while sitting, reading or watching TV 
3.Placing your computer monitor too high or too low,
4.Sleeping in an uncomfortable position, or
5.Twisting and turning the neck vigorously while exercising.

Injuries:
Extreme accidents or falls can cause severe neck injuries like vertebral fractures, whiplash, blood vessel injury, and even paralysis.

Other medical causes include:
1.Fibromyalgia
2.Cervical arthritis or spondylosis
3.Ruptured disk
4.Small fractures to the spine from osteoporosis
5.Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
6.Infection of the spine (osteomyelitis, diskitis, abscess)

Top 10 reasons to study medicine

1. Plenty of opportunities upon graduating

This reason is rarely stressed properly, but it truly is so. After graduation there is a broad range of opportunities for future job. In case you find none of the possibilities appealing, you can combine them or invent your own path of further specialization. Upon finishing medical college you can choose to work in hospitals, science institutes, public health care or be part of the medical segment of some other science. 

There are doctors who are managing health care costs in economical sciences, or cooperate as a part of judicial sciences in proving medical errors and patients' rights.

Be that as it may, do not worry in case you do not see yourself as a future pediatrician or a surgeon; you have six years to decide what exactly you are interested in.

2.Working with people

A lot of students name working with people as their primary reason to study medicine. If you are a people person, medicine is the right choice for you. It is of vital importance to stress that to work with people you absolutely must have a great deal of tolerance towards endangered social groups, e.g. the old and disabled.

In course of your studies you will be able to improve this skill even if you do not have a particularly developed affinity towards working with people. During your studies, but also later in hospitals, you will meet a lot of people besides patients - patients' families, medical staff, technicians, administrators etc. As a part of you medical training you will also learn not to form bonds towards patients and their diagnoses or faiths, which is an extremely delicate problem especially when it comes to children.

3. The ability to help people directly and make them happier

This was my main reason for enrolling into medical college. The progress of the human kind and civilization is the purpose of almost all of the college programs. Medicine participates in this process in the most direct way. The most doctors would say that there is no greater joy than the one you feel when you manage to help a very sick patient or when a group of scientists discovers a new medicine for a certain disease. The ability to directly help the curing process is also a challenge and sometimes it is not easy to cope with it. For this reason your medical education will prepare you so you can land on your feet in 99% of the cases.

4. Team work

Medicine nowadays is based on team work. You will be divided into smaller groups already while at college and this will give you a chance to perfect your people skills. These skills will also come in handy later when you start practicing medicine; not only does a doctor cooperate with nurses and other doctors on daily bases, but he is also a mentor figure and a role model for his students.

Without team work you cannot succeed in the field of medicine, so if you are a lone wolf, you might want to reconsider whether medicine is the right choice for you.

5. Respect in society

Whether we want to admit it or not, doctors are always on the top of the social scale. Whether you go to the theater or to the cinema you should know that you will be noticed. Not downright like Dr. Oz, but a certain part of people will pay attention to you too. This also represents a great responsibility because it is not seldom that a doctor is also a moral authority, especially in smaller places.

On the one hand, this could be a problem because some cannot bear this responsibility and cannot come to terms with the fact that they have lost a part of anonimity that majority of people has. On the other hand, this respect in society is a major factor while choosing the field of medicine for some people. The fact that a lot of doctors end up in politics and continue their careers as politicians supports this theory.

6. A great need for doctors

World needs more doctors. The situation in Europe is really good compared to some other continents like Asia or Africa. There are also differences in numbers and need for doctors in different European countries. A lot of EU countries that have forbidden or restricted employment of foreign citizens do not apply this decision on doctors. In most cases medicine students get a job sometimes even the very day they graduate.

7. Safe job, career, and lifestyle

Another not quite irrelevant reason to study medicine is a certain stability upon graduation. This reason is becoming even more prominent in countries still coping with recession and in a situation where it is becoming harder and harder for young people to find a job. In case this is your decisive reason for studying medicine, be aware that this is not an easy or a simple job, but a job with a lot of sacrifice and personal investment. Nevertheless, a job is waiting for you.

8. Constant ameliorating

The end of medical studies does not mean the end of learning. Quite the opposite - your college is providing you with basics for further knowledge and skill development. Summits and seminars are often organized in exotic locations in order to attract as many doctors as possible. A lot of students see this reason as the significant difference in comparison to other studies and for this they point medicine out as a unique example of constant professional perfecting.

9. White coat

This reason might seem funny to you, this may not even seem like a reason to study medicine to you, but as something irrelevant. Nevertheless, some students look forward to putting on their white coats during practicing in class. White coat, other than being a clothing item and a part of doctor's uniform, is also a representative of the order of the medical system, cleanliness of the job, and high hygiene standards. A tidy and clean coat is emitting a clear doctor's attitude towards patient. Precisely these reasons make the white coat one of the reasons to start studying medicine.

10. Science universal to the whole world

And the last, but not the least reason is a great uniformity of medical science. Upon graduating from a medical college in Europe you can find a job and work in any hospital in South America or anywhere else in the world (unlike some humanistic sciences). Furthermore, the major part of medical literature is in English, the most of the medical terms are in Latin. You will get acquainted with English and Latin in the course of your studies so that words like vertebra or clavicle will be nothing new neither to you nor to a doctor on the other side of the world.

By naming these top ten reasons, I tried to encompass the most of the points that students of medicine name as their motivation for studying medicine and which are the main cause for choosing precisely this vocation. One should also not forget giving up free time which is essential for successful ending of this college. Just as there are these ten reasons for, there are also reasons against, but the final decision is for you to make. Sometimes all it takes is just one reason to make the right choice.

4 Things Can Happen Right Before A Heart Attack

Some heart attacks are sudden and intense — the "movie heart attack," where no one doubts what's happening. But most heart attacks start slowly, with mild pain or discomfort. Often people affected aren't sure what's wrong and wait too long before getting help. Here are signs that can mean a heart attack is happening:

• Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes, or that goes away and comes back. It can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain.
• Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Symptoms can include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach.
• Shortness of breath with or without chest discomfort.
• Other signs may include breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness.

Breast cancer symptoms

This page tells you about the symptoms of breast cancer.  There are sections
on

• Breast lumps in general    
• What to look out for    
• If you spot a lump    
• Breast pain    
• More information

Breast lumps in general

The first symptom of breast cancer for many women is a lump in their breast. 
But 9 out of 10 breast lumps (90%) are benign.  That means they are not cancers.
Most benign breast lumps are

• Areas of benign breast change, causing lumpiness that is more obvious just
  before a period, particularly in women over 35    
• Cysts - sacs of fluid in the breast tissue.  These are quite common    
• Fibroadenoma - a collection of fibrous glandular tissue.  These are more
  common in younger women

What to look out for

Changes that could be due to a breast cancer are

• A lump or thickening in an area of the breast  
• A change in the size or shape of a breast    
• Dimpling of the skin    
• A change in the shape of your nipple, particularly if it turns in, sinks
  into the breast or becomes irregular in shape    
• A blood-stained discharge from the nipple    
• A rash on a nipple or surrounding area    
• A swelling or lump in your armpit

Like breast lumps, these signs don't necessarily mean cancer.  Inverted
nipples, blood stained nipple discharge or a rash can all be due to other
medical conditions.  But if any of these things happen to you, you should get it
checked out.  It may be nothing and seeing the GP will put your mind at rest. 
It may be a benign condition that can easily be treated.  Or at the very worst,
if you have a cancer you give yourself the best chance of successful treatment
by going to the doctor early on.

There is a rare type of breast cancer called inflammatory breast cancer which
can have different symptoms.  The whole breast can look red and inflamed and can
be very sore.  The breast may feel hard.  The skin sometimes looks like orange
peel because the pores stand out in the inflamed area.

Another rare type of breast cancer shows up as a rash on and around the
nipple.  It is called Paget's disease.  The red, scaly rash can be itchy.  It
looks a bit like eczema and is sometimes mistaken for that at first.

If you spot a lump

See your doctor straight away.  If you notice anything unusual about your
breast, have it examined.  Even though most breast lumps are benign, they need
to be checked to rule out cancer.

Your doctor will examine you and if necessary, send you to a specialist
breast clinic for further checks.  At the clinic, they will be able to see on
your mammogram or ultrasound if the lump is a fluid-filled cyst or a solid lump. 

If it is a cyst, they may get rid of it by draining the fluid out through a
fine needle.  If it is a solid lump, they will stick a very fine needle into it
and take a tissue sample to test for cancer cells.

Some women prefer to have benign lumps removed to relieve their worry.  They
may be concerned that they will confuse them with any other lumps they may get
in the future.  But if you and your doctor are confident that the lump is
benign, you do not have to have it removed if you do not want to.  Benign lumps
don't turn into cancer.

If your lump is a cancer, the earlier you have breast cancer treatment, the
better your chance of cure.

Breast pain

Pain doesn't usually mean cancer.  Many healthy women find that their breasts
feel lumpy and tender before a period.  And some benign breast lumps are
painful.  Many women get pain in their breasts for a while, which goes after a
time.  There may be no obvious reason for the pain, even with lots of tests. 
Most breast pain is not caused by cancer, but some breast cancers do cause pain,
so if you are worried, see your GP.

Some Symptoms of Advanced (Metastatic) Breast
Cancer

Stage 4, or metastatic breast cancer is the most advanced
stage of this disease. Metastatic breast cancer is defined as having spread
beyond the breast and underarm lymph nodes into other parts of the body.

• bone pain (bone metastases) 
• shortness of breath (lung metastases) 
• drop in appetite (liver metastases) 
• unintentional weight loss (liver metastases) 
• headaches, neurological pain or weakness (could be brain metastases) 

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) – Aggressive and
Unusual Symptoms

One type of breast cancer that does not appear in
lumps is called inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). This aggressive cancer grows
in sheets instead of lumps, and it invades nearby skin, resembling a rash. It
will not respond to topical creams or antibiotics, and should be treated very
promptly. Symptoms:

• a sudden increase in mature breast size (as much as a cup size in a few
  days) 
• itching in the skin of the breast that is continuous and not relieved by
  pills or creams 
• a change in the breast skin color, resulting in pink, red, or dark-colored
  areas 
• breast is excessively warm to the touch, or harder or firmer than usual 
• unusual pain, which occurs out of the regular cycle 
• sometimes a change in skin texture, similar to the skin of an orange 
• breast skin ulcers (later stage IBC)

Symptoms of Breast Cancer
Recurrence

Recurrence of breast cancer is classified as local,
regional, and distant. A distant recurrence is the same as advanced (metastatic)
breast cancer. A local recurrence is breast cancer that has returned after
treatment, in or close to the original tumor location. It can often be
effectively treated. Regional recurrence may be in the chest wall muscles, or in
lymph nodes located beneath your sternum, just above your collarbones, and
around your neck.

Local Recurrence Symptoms:

• a small lump or rash in the excision scar, on or under the skin

Regional Recurrence Symptoms:

• swollen lymph node in the same armpit where cancer was previously removed 
• swollen lymph nodes above collarbones or sides of neck

A New Tumor Is Not a Recurrence

If a new tumor appears and has a different pathology than the original breast
cancer, it is not considered a recurrence. It is called a new primary, and can
occur in a different area of the breast that was originally affected, or in the
opposite breast. A new cancer is diagnosed and treated independently from the
original tumor.